Challenge Accepted: Linking Planet Formation with Present-Day Atmospheres

A major goal for exoplanet atmosphere characterization is to infer the formation history of gaseous exoplanets from their present-day atmospheric composition. With the first JWST observations of disks and atmospheric spectra in hand, it is a good time to revisit the link between formation and modern chemistry. The connection is nontrivial and requires a detailed understanding of everything from the protoplanetary disk properties to the planet formation mechanism to current atmospheric physics.

The aim of this workshop is to bring together experts across these topics to build a new understanding of planet formation in the JWST era.

Throughout the week, we will hear from experts in a broad range of topics described above from both theoretical and observational perspectives, with the hopes of forging a path forward in linking together exoplanet initial conditions and current-day properties. Additionally, we aim to foster future collaborations by having extensive time for open discussions throughout the week, and a full day of discussions on Friday.

This workshop will be held at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in the Haus der Astronomie from 08 - 12 July, 2024.

Attendees

Science Organizing Committee
Bertram Bitsch, Ian Crossfield, Adina Feinstein, Sasha Hinkley, Laura Kreidberg, Paul Mollière, Christoph Mordasini, Anjali Piette, Niall Whiteford

Local Organizing Committee
Lorena Acuna, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Duncan Christie, Carola Jordan, Xiang Luo, and Elisabeth Matthews

Participants
Lorena Acuña, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Coryn Bailer-Jones, Madyson Barber, Jenny Bergner, Bertram Bitsch, Richard Booth, Yoni Brande, Remo Burn, Emily Calamari, Aritra Chakrabarty, Duncan Christie, Joshua D. Lothringer, Abigail Davenport, Linn Eriksson, Cyril Gapp, Thomas Hening, Helong Huang, Anders Johansen, Kielan K. W. Hoch, Niloofar Khorshid, James Kirk, Daniel Kitzmann, Henrik Knierim, Julia Lienert, John Livingston, Amy Louca, Rafael Luque, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, Elisabeth Matthews, Yamila Miguel, Sagnick Mukherjee, Evert Nasedkin, Tamami Okamoto, Maria Oreshenko, Chris Ormel, Elenia Pacetti, Stefan Pelletier, Giulia Perotti, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Jesse Polman, Bibiana Prinoth, Ken Rice, Melanie Rowland, Sofia Savvidou, Kamber Schwarz, Dmitry Semenov, Jake Simon, David Trevascus, Diego Turrini, Luis Welbanks, and Sebastian Zieba

Schedule

What's on the agenda? Invited talks are highlighted in blue.

Monday, July 8, 2024 - The challenge: Disc, planetary formation theory (GI, core accretion, ice lines, models)
TimeSpeakerTopic
9:30-9:45am Ian Crossfield Welcome, meeting mission
9:45-11:00amEveryoneIntroductions & Elevator Pitches
11:00-11:30amCoffee Break
11:30-12:15am Remo Burn Overview talk. A global view on the disk to planet link.
12:15-12:30 Kamber Schwarz Beyond Snowlines: Understanding Realistic C/O Variation in Protoplanetary Disks
12:30-1:30pmLunch
1:30-1:45pm Ken Rice The direct formation of wide-orbit giant planets and brown dwarfs
1:45-2:00pm Richard Booth Towards observationally informed planet formation models
2:00-2:15pm Thomas Henning Planet Formation in the TW Hya Disk
2:15-2:30pm Linn Eriksson Forming planets via pebble, planetesimal and gas accretion: a problem with many knobs to turn
2:30-2:45pm Dmitry Semenov Planet-forming disks and their physical-chemical structures
2:45-3:15pmCoffee Break
3:15-3:30pm Jake Simon Where do planetesimals and thus exoplanets form? Constraints imposed by disk turbulence
3:30-3:45pm Julia Lienert Changing disc compositions via internal photoevaporation
3:45-4:00pm Sofia Savvidou The implications of pressure bumps on disk composition and planet formation
4:00-4:15pm Wolfgang Brandner VLTI/GRAVITY constraints on the central au of protoplanetary disks
4:15-5:30pmBreakout Discussion


Tuesday, July 9, 2024 - The challenge: Atmosphere theory (models, C/O ratios, clouds, inference issues, interiors)
TimeSpeakerTopic
9:00-9:45am Emily Calamari Overview Talk. Unraveling The Atmospheric Impact of Clouds using Benchmark Brown Dwarf Systems
9:45-10:00am Yoni Brande Aerosols and Observational Diversity
10:00-10:15am Sagnick Mukherjee Effects of Planetary Parameters on Disequilibrium Chemistry in Irradiated Planetary Atmospheres: From Gas Giants to Sub-Neptunes
10:15-10:30am Evert Nasedkin Four-of-a-kind? A comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR~8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY
10:30-10:45am Jesse Polman Convective mixing during gas giant evolution
10:45-11:00am Diego Turrini The impact of disk and atmospheric chemistry on the observable oxygen abundance in giant planets
11:00-11:30amCoffee Break
11:30-11:45am Anders Johansen Planet formation and atmospheric outgassing
11:45-12:00pm Chris OrmelWet or dry? Pebble sublimation in hot atmospheres predicts a compositional dichotomy
12:00-12:15pm Aritra Chakrabarty Where are the Water Worlds?
12:15-12:30pm John Livingston Low densities, eccentricities, and entropies in the young, compact multi-planet system V1298 Tau
12:30-1:30pmLunch
1:30-1:45pm Henrik Knierim When do atmospheric abundance measurements represent the planetary bulk composition?
1:45-2:00pm Amy Louca The long-term impact of recurrent flaring of active M-dwarf stars
2:00-2:15 Helong HuangThe golden mean: How a balanced approach to cloud modelling powers atmospheric retrievals
2:15-2:30 Daniel Kitzmann JWST observations of 55 Cancri e: Constraints on the potential presence of an atmosphere
2:30-2:45pmCoffee Break
2:45-5:30pmBreakout Discussion


Wednesday, July 10, 2024 - The link: Planet Formation to Present-Day Atmospheres
TimeSpeakerTopic
9:00-9:15am Ian Crossfield Can Sulphur Abundances Diagnose Planet Formation?
9:15-9:30am Bertram Bitsch How can atmospheric abundances help to constrain planet formation?
9:30-9:45am Elenia Pacetti Linking the atmospheric composition of giant planets to their native disc chemistry: the role of the refractory-to-volatile ratio
9:45-10:00am Adina Feinstein Searching for Escaping Metals from 2 Young (< 30 Myr) Neptune-sized Planets
10:00-10:15am Paul Mollière Isotopologues as a new planet formation tracer: the case of nitrogen
10:15-10:30pmAngelique KahleHD 86226c: A hot sub-Neptune with a surprisingly featureless tranmission spectrum
10:30-11:00amCoffee Break
11:00-11:15am Anjali Piette Inside-out: Using lava world atmospheres to constrain super-Earth interior compositions and formation histories
11:15-11:30pm Melanie Rowland Protosolar D/H abundance in the coldest brown dwarf
11:30-11:45pm Stefan Pelletier A giant planet that formed with more ices than rocks
11:45-12:00pmAnna PenzlinNarrowing the path to hot gas giants with observations
12:00-12:15pm James Kirk Does atmospheric composition actually trace formation? Observing aligned vs misaligned hot Jupiters as a testbed
12:15-12:30pm Maria OreshenkoCoupling atmospheric retrieval to interior characterization for Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
12:30-1:30pmLunch
1:30-1:45pm Bibiana Prinoth An observational sweet spot for formation scenarios of ultra-hot Jupiters: Resolved lines in the atmosphere of WASP-189 b
1:45-2:00pm Lorena Acuña Interior-atmosphere modelling of warm gas giants
2:00-2:15pm Tamami Okamoto Accounting for Jupiter’s Noble Gases: Investigating Disk Photoevaporation
2:15-2:30pm David Trevascus What can PDS 70 tell us about models of planet formation?
2:30-2:45pm Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb Linking atmosphere observations to volatile origins: the warm sub-Neptune opportunity
2:45-3:00am Luis Welbanks Deciphering the broadband transmission spectra of exoplanets with JWST and their connection to planet formation
3:00-3:30pmCoffee Break
3:30-5:30pmBreakout Discussion
6:30 PMDinnerLocation: Palmbräu Gasse (self-paid)


Thursday, July 11, 2024 - The link: Archival observations, looking to JWST and ELTs (and model development)
TimeSpeakerTopic
9:00-9:45am Elisabeth Matthews Overview talk. Exoplanet observations in the JWST era
9:45-10:00am Madyson Barber A planet transiting a 3 Myr class II protostar with a transitional disk
10:00-10:15am Yamila Miguel Bridging the Gap: Exoplanet Interiors and JWST Atmosphere Analysis
10:15-10:30am Jenny Bergner The icy landscape of protoplanetary disks: new insights from JWST
10:30-11:00amCoffee Break
11:00-11:15am Gabriel-Dominique MarleauFeedback from accreting gas giants onto their PPD and late-stage line-emitting accretion
11:15-11:30pmMatthias SamlandJWST observation of evaporating exocomets in debris disk system HD 172555
11:30-11:45pm Giulia PerottiThe multi JWST views on PDS 70: results from NIRCam and MIRI
11:45-12:00pm Niloofar Khorshid Retrieving the formation history of WASP-39b
12:00-12:15pm Joshua D. Lothringer Ultra-hot Jupiters as Unique Windows into Formation though the UV-IR Transit Spectrum of WASP-178b
12:15-12:30Group Discussion
12:30-1:30pmLunch
1:30-3:30pmBreakout Discussion
3:30-4:00pmCoffee Break
4:00-5:30pmBreakout Discussion


Friday, July 12, 2024 - Challenge accepted: outlook to collaborative projects and proposals
TimeSpeakerTopic
9:00-9:15am Eva-Maria Ahrer A first look at four JWST/G395H observations of aligned and misaligned hot Jupiters
9:15-9:30am Rafael LuqueFull orbit NIRSPEC observations of a small exoplanet: early results
9:30-9:45am Kielan K. W. Hoch Direct Imaging Spectroscopy of Substellar Companions with JWST
9:45-10:00am Sebastian Zieba TBD
10:00-10:15am Cyril GappThermal dissociation and SiO in the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-121 b
10:15-10:30am Niall Whiteford TBD
10:30-11:00amCoffee Break
11:00-12:30pmBreakout Discussion
12:30-1:30pmLunch
1:30-3:30pmBreakout Discussion
3:30-4:00pmCoffee Break
4:00-5:30pmClosing Remarks

Venue

The workshop will be held at the Haus der Astronomie (HdA) at MPIA in Heidelberg. HdA is the Center for Astronomy Education and Outreach in Heidelberg; more information about the center and its facilities and resources here.

Accessibility

HdA is accessible to disabled persons, and dedicated parking spaces are available. Unfortunately, the buses dedicated to the event and public transportations may not be accessible for everyone. However, there are specific taxi services in Heidelberg that we can arrange on-demand. Don't hesitate to contact us if you need any assistance or have any questions.

Note that mobile phone connectivity at/around the HdA is at best poor but usually non-existent.


Address

Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Königstuhl 17
69117 Heidelberg, Germany

Logistics

The workshop will start at 09:00am on Monday, July 8 2024, and finish at 4:00pm on Friday, July 12 2024.

We will have a conference Slack channel for communication. You should have received an invitation link to the Slack channel in the overview email sent on July 1. If you cannot access the Slack, please let us know.

There will be a dedicated bus to bring participants from the town to the workshop venue (see details under travel below). Participants are responsible for organizing their travel to Heidelberg and should make their own accommodation arrangements (see below).

Financial

There is no conference fee. All events happening at the venue (coffee breaks, lunches, reception) are covered, but we cannot offer travel or lodging support.

Childcare

If you need help with childcare arrangements, don't hesitate to contact us.

Lunch & Coffee Breaks

The workshop provides lunch and coffee breaks at the venue on all workshop days. Vegetarian options will be available (no need to pre-order). If you have any additional dietary requirements (and may not have indicated so in your registration form), please email Carola Jordan well in advance.

Workshop Dinner

To foster interactions between participants, we will be organizing a dinner at Palmbraü Gasse. Each attendee will be responsible for paying for their own dinner. If you wish to attend, please fill out the Google Form emailed to all participants so we can make the appropriate reservation.

Accessibility

We are committed to providing an accessible environment for all participants. If you need help or arrangements, don't hesitate to contact the organizers.

Participants will pay attention not to leave out information for some people in your audience. Some of us might not be able to see well, hear well, move well, speak well, or understand information presented in some ways well or at all. Everyone at the event will be open to diversity in the audience and any accessibility issues. The Web Accessibility Initiative provides some information & directions.


Accommodation

Participants are responsible for making their own accommodation arrangements. Heidelberg has plenty of hotel and Airbnb options; the following hotels are some suggestions (but we don't endorse any particular hotel).
  1. Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten, Haspelgasse 2, Heidelberg
  2. Hotel Goldene Rose, St. Anna Gasse 7, Heidelberg
  3. Hotel Anlage, Friedrich-Ebert-Anlage 32, Heidelberg
  4. Hotel Monpti, Friedrich-Ebert-Anlage 57, Heidelberg
  5. Denner Hotel, Bergheimer Straße 8, Heidelberg
  6. GuestHouse Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 24, Heidelberg
  7. Bergheim 41, Bergheimer Straße 41, Heidelberg
  8. Leonardo Hotel, Bergheimer Straße 63, Heidelberg
  9. Qube Hotel, Bergheimer Straße 74, Heidelberg
  10. Hotel NH, Bergheimer Straße 91, Heidelberg
Please don't hesitate to contact us if you have any questions.

Travel

Visas

You may need to apply for a visa to enter Germany. See this overview of visa requirements. Feel free to contact the organizers if you need a letter of support.

Getting to Heidelberg

Flight
We recommend flying to Frankfurt Airport (FRA), as this is the nearest international airport to Heidelberg. The following directions to Heidelberg assume that you are starting from Frankfurt.
Deutsche Bahn (DB) has connections from Frankfurt Airport (station: Frankfurt(M) Flughafen Fernbahnhof) to various train stations around Heidelberg (likely either Hauptbanhof or Altstadt, depending on where your hotel is). Train tickets cost 45 € and can be pre-booked online or purchased at the ticket machines at the train station "Frankfurt (M) Flughafen Fernbf." This route requires a transfer, which is recommended as the "Fernbf" train station is right next to the terminals and there are many daily connections. The transfer takes an hour. From there, you can take a cab or public transportation from the main train station in Heidelberg to your final destination. We do not recommend the cheaper "saver" tickets, as these apply to the specific booked train -- You cannot use them on a different train if you have flight delays.
The best shuttle option is Transfer & Limousine Service (TLS) (90 € one way). The TLS shuttle has fixed departure times in Frankfurt. The timetable and prices for the shuttle can be found here. If you miss the shuttle, you can take the next available one. Drop-offs and Pick-ups in Heidelberg must be specified individually (e.g. your hotel or MPIA).


Train
Deutsche Bahn (DB) has connections to various train stations around Heidelberg (likely either Hauptbanhof or Altstadt, depending on where your hotel is). Typically you will have a connection in Mannheim and change platforms there for the S-Bahn to Heidelberg. Trainline could also help you plan your journey across multiple countries and train companies.
Although there are no barier gates in Germany, you will need to buy a ticket before stepping into the trains. The controls are frequent. You can buy tickets online or at ticket machines or for S-Bahn (and local buses) on the eVRN app.

Bus
A cheaper but slower alternative is the "Flixbus" from the airport to Heidelberg. The prices range from 5 to 15 € each way, but depending on the time of day, the trip could take up to three hours due to stops and traffic. To investigate timetables and book tickets, you can check out the Flixbus website.

Driving/Taxi
If you decide to rent a car and drive, you can follow these directions (to MPIA).

Alternatively, you can take a taxi via ABC Taxi Service from Frankfurt to Heidelberg. ABC Taxi Service is cash payment only. To make a reservation, email ABC Taxi Service at taxikunze@aol.com. In the reservation, mention that you are a guest at an MPIA conference to receive a discount. The cost of this taxi service will be:
- From Frankfurt to Heidelberg (your hotel): 119 € one way plus 15 €/20 minutes, if waiting time applies.
- From Frankfurt to MPI: 129 € one way plus 15 €/20 minutes, if waiting time applied.

Getting to HdA

There will be a shuttle to transport participants from the town center up the hill to MPIA/HdA every morning. It will leave from behind Hotel NH on Bergheimer Strasse at 08:25 (bus/company name "Discipulus").
Map with location of NH bus stop
It will then stop on the hillside of Klingenteichstrasse, in front of Joswig & Partner Steuerberater (the stop on the south side of the road, i.e., the one closest to the hill) at 08:30.
Map with location of NH bus stop
The bus might arrive five minutes later here, but be there no later than 08:30 as the bus cannot wait). A local participant will be at each pick-up point and travel on the bus. A bus will bring participants back into town (the same two stops) after each day's workshop.


Workshop bus itinerary

At other times of the day, you can take Bus 30 - the "Science Bus" - up to MPIA (the bus will drop you off right outside HdA) or back down the hill. You can buy tickets online or at ticket machines or (if that fails) from the driver on the bus (the cost is approximately 2.50 € each way) or on the eVRN app. Note that where the If you are travelling during rush hour please aim to take the conference shuttle rather than the “Science Bus" since it can already be quite full with MPIA employees.

Exploring Heidelberg

The easiest way to explore Heidelberg is by foot. The Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr (RNV) provides public transportation in Heidelberg with buses and trams; these can take you more or less anywhere you want to go within the city. The timetables can be found online; you can also download various apps to help you plan, e.g., the official RNV app (in german) or the RNV Ticket app, and the eVRN app (in English). Note that Google Maps can also provide bus schedules.

Code of Conduct

During the community workshop, we require participants to follow the code of conduct for the workshop which can be found below. If you have any questions about the workshop, you can reach the organizing committee.

The organizers are dedicated to providing a harassment-free conference experience for everyone, regardless of gender, gender identity and expression, age, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance, body size, race, ethnicity, religion (or lack thereof), or technology choices. We do not tolerate harassment, abusive behavior, or intimidation of conference participants in any form. As such, we follow the European Astronomical Society Council (EAS) Ethics Statement and Guidelines for Good Practice and expect all participants to read and abide by their statements.

In addition to a general Code of Conduct and Ethics, all participants must agree with our collaboration policy: i.e., to openly share their ideas, expertise, code, and interim results. Project development will proceed out in the open among participants.

Participants are encouraged to change gears, start new collaborations, and drop or combine projects. Any participant contributing significantly to a project can expect appropriate credit vessels (e.g., co-authorship).

We pledge to help the entire community follow the code of conduct, and to not remain silent when we see violations of the code of conduct. We will take action when members of our community violate this code such as notifying a workshop organizer or talking privately with the person. This code of conduct applies to all community situations online and offline, including the conference itself, mailing lists, forums, social media, social events associates with the conference, and one-to-one interactions.

Participants asked to stop any harassing behavior are expected to comply immediately. Attendees violating these rules may be asked to leave the event at the sole discretion of the conference organizers.